Jumat, 06 Juli 2012
Empowerment of tourism in Karimun Java
An assignment of Tourism 1 Repetition Class, Mr. Hendro Firmawan
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Karimunjawa is an exoticism in Java Sea waters. Its natural beauty is able to hypnotize millions of pairs of eyes that visit it. Natural scenic beauty such as coral reefs, seagrass, and seagrass beds with diverse marine life, mangrove forest, mountain and lowland tropical forest remaining, all in an unspoiled stretch of islands making Karimunjawa as a Marine National Park. The islands are administratively a district of Jepara district, located about 45 miles northwest of Jepara.
The total area is 107 225 hectares of territorial Karimunjawa, most of the sea (100 105 ha), land area alone is 7120 hectares. This area is influenced by a tropical sea breeze blowing all day with an average temperature of 26-30 degrees Celsius, with a minimum temperature of 22 degrees Celsius and a maximum temperature of 34 degrees Celsius.
Karimunjawa archipelago located in the waters of the Java Sea is composed of 27 large and small islands. Five of them are Karimunjawa (4302.5 ha). Kemujan (1501 ha), Parang (690 ha), Mosquito (125 ha), and Genting (135 ha). Vast archipelago reached 71.2 km2 with a population of 8070 people, mostly livelihood as a fisherman.
Karimunjawa society composed of many tribes in the archipelago. Among others: Javanese, Madurese, Bugis, Mandar, Bajo. They settled nearly a hundred years already, from generation to generation. Now, though not many, can still be found the remains of the original cultural roots, inherited from their ancestors. Like, the dialect of the language, marriage customs, custom home construction and so on.
It certainly will help to enrich the cultural heritage of national parks Karimunjawa as marine tourism area in Indonesia. In the review of the natural wealth, the National Park offers a million Karimunjawa marine natural charm can not be doubted, even decent dipersandingkan with other maritime tourism such as Bali and Bunaken. As a Marine National Park (TNL), which established since 1988, has the potential diversity of flora Karimunjawa. Land flora consists of lowland tropical rain forest. Vegetation consists of pink, cigarette-smoking, bintangun, Walik lor, Ingas, meranti, Laban, clumps, meniran, Sentol, Gondorio and kepun. Besides, along the coast Karimunjawa, Kemujan, Big Pine, Little Pine Island sintok and there are mangrove. Other coastal plant species are ketapang, casuarina, teak sand, setigi, sea hibiscus. Whereas plants that are characteristic of dewo ndaru. Group consisting of algae green algae, brown algae and red algae. In the islands Karimunjawa also found 12 families of coral (coral). Coral reef ecosystem made up of coastal reef type (fringing reefs) and coral reef barrier (barrier reefs) and a few taka (patch reef). Species richness reached 51 genera, more than 90 hard coral. Among the most beautiful is the red coral (musica Tubipora). This coral species is suspected to have been almost extinct. On the islands there are also Karimunjawa 242 species of ornamental fish.
This type of diversity richer place than Puerto Rico's renowned fish dressing but only has 49 species, Hawaii (60 species), Philippines (109 species), Singapore (32), Thailand (45 strains), Sri Lanka (165 species) , Kenya (95 species) and Ethiopia (112 species). In addition there is also a superior quality of food fish species such as yellow tail fish, bananas, grouper, red snapper, lencam, cockatoos, rabbitfish and cobs. There are also reef fish, skinned animal spines (sea cucumbers, starfish, sea urchins, sea lilies) and various species of sea turtles.
Other protected marine life including goat heads, triton trumpet, nautilas hollow, stone and 6 types of game all the islands in the region kima.Hampir Karimunjawa have land and underwater scenery is beautiful and amazing. Various activities can be done include scuba diving, snorkeling, trekking, biking and fishing. Beaches on the island is also Karimunjawa beautiful stretch of white sand.
Marine Tourism and Community
Natural conditions Karimunjawa beautiful and charming, the course must be well managed through a system of sustainable development. The concept of development of strategic value in the management area is a marine tourism program based on ecotourism. With good planning and proper, marine tourism development based on ecotourism in national parks Karimunjawa will provide multiple benefits at once. First, the socio-economic benefits to the empowerment of communities and second, the benefits to the rescue of marine ecosystems from damage caused by exploitation.
With the marine tourism program, the community involvement will be needed to support these activities. So this will give people an alternative economic resources. Thus the mindset of society that were previously only rely on fishing as a major activity in their livelihoods will be gradually shifted to the service sector and creative industries. In the service sector businesses such as opening the inn (homestay), boat rentals for fishing or just travel spree archipelago area, the tour guide (guide) and others. Meanwhile in the field of creative industries is opening up business opportunities for making various handicrafts souvenirs Karimunjawa, the opening of souvenir shops, and so on.
All this in an organized and well packed will have a positive value for the empowerment of local communities. Given that productive activity is the awareness of the importance of marine conservation will also grow in line with the increase in marine tourism activities to support their economy. Due to each other and support each other in fact intertwined in a symbiotic mutualism.
Nature conservation will preserve the beauty of the sea and all potentials. This potential will then become a magnet for tourists to arrive. And of these tourists will foster economic activity in turn the welfare of the community so the community will be created. In the socio-economic conditions is the relatively well-established habits of the people who tend to damage the marine ecosystem, such as catching fish using cyanide and blast fishing and coral reefs illegal encroachment would be gradually eliminated.
Therefore, community activities that impact on marine damage was generally driven by economic problems. Classical reasons usually put forward by the fishermen is that the only way they can obtain maximum results. But the real underlying reason behind this all is the absence of alternative resources that they can dig to find an adequate income
Therefore the concept of marine tourism is supposed to be used as an alternative solution to empower fishing communities in terms of socio-economic as well as to avoid the risk of damage to marine ecosystems are more severe. However, these efforts must also be accompanied by the development of tourism infrastructure and provide adequate supplies to local communities will be a variety of skills. For example, the skills to become a tour guide, making a variety of skills and other souvenirs. The point is that local communities can be a good host and what is needed to understand its guests. From here the tourists will feel comfortable visiting and do not hesitate to come back again
So far the program Karimunjawa marine tourism park can be said to have yielded results. It can be seen that the level of tourist arrivals is still relatively low, the economic and social benefits are also felt lacking. Creative industries and service sectors of the local community has not become a promising alternative enterprises. So many people who work as fishermen to meet daily needs.
In exercising this activity habits that damage the marine environment is often found, namely the use of cyanide and blast fishing are threatening coral reefs. This is certainly not to say that the program has failed Karimunjawa marine tourism. However it has not managed optimally. It takes care of all parties, especially governments from the central government as the ruling National Park, the provincial government to district governments to work harder and it should synergize. In addition it is no less important are the stakeholders and tourism businesses and the community of course. Everything should be mutually supportive so that sustainable sea will become a reality. Given today's sea of damage in general we have entered a phase of considerable concern
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